OboeruPrintables › Japanese た Form (Plain Past) — Free Chart

The -form: plain past

The plain past — and the cheapest form in Japanese. If you know the -form you already know this one: change the last kana and stop.

Preview of the printed The た-form: plain past sheet

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One page, A4 or US Letter. Free to print and share, at home or in a classroom.

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The rule: take the -form and swap the last kana

Every verb, no exceptions and . nonde → nonda
If you do not know the -form yet — build it first: the five Group 1 patterns are in the table below, Group 2 drops , Group 3 is and .

Group 1: the last kana of the dictionary form decides

Ends inPast endingExampleMeaning
tsukau → tsukattaused
motsu → mottaheld
tsukuru → tsukuttamade
nomu → nondadrank
asobu → asondaplayed
shinu → shindadied
kiku → kiitalistened, asked
oyogu → oyoidaswam
kasu → kashitalent

Groups 2 and 3 — plus the one exception

GroupDictionary formPastMeaning
Group 1godan iku ittawent ← the exception
Group 2ichidan akeru aketaopened
okiru okitagot up
Group 3irregular suru shitadid
kuru kitacame (reading changes)

Use it

~たことがあります have done before
~たあとで after doing
~たほうがいいです you should
~たり~たりします do things like
~たら if, once
plain speech to friends

Watch out

Same exception as the -form. , never .

“Did not” is a different form. The negative past is , built from — there is no negative -form.

Two things you get free

Two forms, one rule. Whatever you learn about applies here; the pair always matches.

The polite past. says the same thing — use with friends and with everyone else.

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