OboeruPrintables › Japanese て-Form Chart — Free Printable PDF

The -form

The form behind most everyday sentences — asking, “is doing”, permission, joining actions. Groups 2 and 3 take one step; for Group 1 the last kana decides, in five patterns.

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The rule, by verb group

Group 2 · -verbs (ichidan) — drop , add . akeru → akete
Group 3 · irregular — just two verbs: shite, kite
Group 1 · -verbs (godan) — the last kana of the dictionary form tells you which of five endings to use:

Group 1: the last kana decides take , the rest take

Ends inBecomes ExampleMeaning
tsukau → tsukatteto use
motsu → motteto hold
tsukuru → tsukutteto make
nomu → nondeto drink
asobu → asondeto play
shinu → shindeto die (the only everyday verb)
kiku → kiiteto listen, to ask
oyogu → oyoideto swim
kasu → kashiteto lend

Groups 2 and 3 — plus the one exception

GroupDictionary form-formMeaning
Group 1godan iku ittego ← the exception
Group 2ichidan akeru aketeopen
okiru okiteget up
Group 3irregular suru shitedo
kuru kitecome (reading changes)

Use it

~てください please do
~ています is doing
~てもいいです may I …?
~てはいけません must not
~てから after doing
~てみます try doing

Watch out

Only one verb breaks the rule: itte, never .

Ending in does not mean Group 2. These six change like Group 1: return, enter, run, know, cut, need — so , not .

Two things you get free

The past tense is free. Same change, last kana swapped: , . nonda, drank.

Joining actions. Put actions in a row; only the last verb shows the tense. got up, had a drink, went out

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